Footnotes for Chapter 7

1. A supraglottal volume of about 50 ml was estimated for a bilabial closure by (1) measuring the volume of the cast of the pharynx described in Section 7.3,and(2)adding the volume of the water that could be contained (by the author) between a bilabial and glossopharyngeal closure, with a 'neutral' position of the jaw and tongue blade.

2. The anatomical studies, including the cast of the pharynx, were made with the assistance of Professor T. M. OELRICH of the Anatomy Department of The University of Michigan.

3. The term 'phonoaspirated' has been introduced lately by PETERSON and SHOUP (1966) to describe those plosives often referred to as 'voiced, aspirated'. From the examples discussed in the present study it seems clear that the mechanism involved is not in any real sense a conjunction of 'voicing' and 'aspiration', and that a new term such as phonoaspirated is required.

4. A possible example of the use of a breathy glottal adjustment during a period of articulatory and velopharyngeal closure has been presented by LADEFOGED (1964, Plate 5). The breathy voicing was apparently sustained by the extreme supraglottal cavity expansion sometimes associated with an 'implosive'.